PESTEL Analysis of the Chinese Economy

PESTEL Analysis of the Chinese Economy There is no doubt that nowadays globalization brings opportunities for companies to expand their business activities easily to take advantages of other countrys growth through investing activities. However, before investing to overseas, a company should make a careful examination of the country they are intending to invest in especially the industry related to their investment. Examining the relationship between risks will help to measure the risks the company has to encounter and the information is actually helpful for company in decisions making. Based on factual country information and financial analysis, this assignment will point out main factors that will impact Soundtech Technologys general business activities when it starts business in China producing low cost sound system for budget cars called Superaudio. This assignment will start with China background information and then six factors in PESTEL model these include political, economic, social, technology, environment, and legal will be presented. In addition, Soundtech Technologys financial overview that includes financial factors as well as sensitive analysis will be conducted based on the data given. Lastly, some recommendations will be make to help Soundtech Technology in making investment decisions. 1. China background informations Area: 9,596,961 sq. km Population (July, 2010): 1,330,141,295. Annual growth rate: 0.494 % Ethnic groups: Han Chinese is 91.5%, ethnic minority and other nationalities are 8.5%. Religions: Officially atheist, Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian is about 3%-4%, Muslim is approximately 1%-2%. Languages: Mandarin is also called Putonghua is the main language in China, plus many local dialects. Government: Communist party-led state. GDP is $4.814 trillion (2009) Per capita GDP is $3,678 (2009) GDP real growth rate (2009): 8.7% Natural resources: mineral is plentiful including coal, petroleum, mercury, iron ore, natural gas, tin, tungsten, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, antimony, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium. Moreover, China is the worlds largest in hydropower potential. Agriculture: China is one of the worlds largest producers of rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley; commercial crops include cotton, other fibers, apples, oilseeds, pork and fish; produces variety of livestock products. Types of industry: China is focusing on mining, ore processing and others mineral such as iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals. Consumer product is one of the nation strongest industries. Transportation, electronics, telecommunications equipment as well as commercial space are major sectors. Trade: Exports (2009) $1.194 trillion: electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medical equipment. Main partners (2008) United States 17.7%, Hong Kong 13.3%, Japan 8.1%, South Korea 5.2%, and Germany 4.1%. Imports (2009) $921.5 billion: electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics, organic chemicals. Main partners (2008) Japan 13.3%, South Korea 9.9%, Taiwan 9.2%, U.S. 7.2%, Germany 4.9%. Undoubtedly, the electronics is the one of the leading industry in Chinas manufacturing sector. Sales revenue from Chinas electronics and IT industries (not including software) is estimated approximately $772.8 billion in 2008, reaching a growth of 28.3% over 2007. According to a statistical report by Chinas Ministry of Information Industry (MII), sales revenue of Chinas electronic information industry from January to April 2008 increased by 20.5% over the same period of last year. EE Times-China and ESM-China Market Research Dept predict that from 2006 to 2008, Chinas electronics industry will maintain a CAGR of 25.5% (global sources.com). 2. PESTEL analysis An analysis of Chinas Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal factors is essential to the strategic management and implementation of the project. The positive and negative effect on the projects initiation and development will be pointed out through the analysis of the external factors. 2.1 Political factors 2.1.1 General information Currently, China Government is ongoing to promote rule of law. After the Cultural Revolution, a legal system to restrict of official authority and revolutionary excesses has been developed. In 1982, the National Peoples Congress issued a new state constitution that emphasized the rule of law under which even party leaders are theoretically held accountable. Since 1979, when the drive to establish a functioning legal system began, more than 300 laws and regulations concerned about economic areas have been promulgated. In the 1990s Legal reform became a government priority. Legislation designed to modernize and professionalize the nations lawyers, judges, and prisons was issued. The Chinese constitution and laws provide for fundamental human rights, including due process, however in practice these are often ignored. In addition to other judicial reforms, the Constitution was modified in 2004 that include the protection of individual human rights as well as the legally-obtained private property, but it does not clear about how some of these provisions will be implemented. Since this modification, there have been new promulgations in bankruptcy law and anti-monopoly law, and modifications for both company and labor law. Although additional safeguards to citizens have been provided in new criminal and civil laws, previously debated political reforms, including expanding elections to the township level beyond the current trial basis, have been put on hold. 2.1.2 Recent political events Since Tiananmen, 13 rounds of human rights dialogue between the U.S and China has been conducted. In May 2010, the most recent round was taken placed; topics were turned around religious freedom, the rights of labor, freedom of expression, rule of law, the discrimination of race, and multilateral cooperation as well. A foundation to continue these rounds in the future was adopted by The U.S. and China leading to unanimous approval for the next round of dialogue in China in 2011. The meetings in Lhasa on March 10th 2008, marking the 49th anniversary of the Tibetan uprising turned violent, and led to protests and unsecure state throughout Tibetan areas and others surrounding provinces. The army and police force monitored strictly Tibetan areas for the safety of the 50th anniversary in 2009 and 51st in 2010 and security was tightened in the border with Nepal. Armed uprising was ongoing when ethnic violence broke out in Urumqi in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region on July 5, 2009. Security control significantly increased in Urumqi and its surrounding areas and as the result some mosques in Xinjiang were closed. As of early 2010, Urumqi was still under a heavy police control and most Internet and international phone communication were totally cut off. In recent years, riots have been happened in China that has created the unstable condition for foreign companies investment in China. However, China Government has taken strict measures to prevent and stop this situation that creates safe environment for foreign investors. 2.2 Economic factors Chinas economy has been reformed and opened since 1978. A more pragmatic thinking on many political and socio economic problems has been approved by the Chinese leadership and therefore the role of ideology in economic policy has been partly reduced. China has transformed its economic into the market-oriented that positively impact not only on China but also on the world. These economic reforms China has implemented over the past 2 decades have profoundly affected both individual initiative and entrepreneurship. As the result the poverty has been significantly reduced and the average income has reached to highest level ever seen. At the beginning of 2010China is ranked as the second-largest economy in the world after overtaking Japan to capture this position. An average economic growth has been sustained over 9.5% for the past 26 years. In 2009, its economy reached to $4.814 trillion was about one-third the size of the U.S. economy. The high economic growth along with higher nationa l income growth may boost demand for Soundtech Technologys products this is big opportunity for the firm to develop its business. In the 1980s, the combination of central planning with market-oriented reforms were tried to implement in order to increase productivity, living standards, and technological quality but not lead to negative effect on inflation, unemployment, and budget deficits In addition, Chinese Government pursued agricultural reforms, dismantling the commune system and introducing a household-based system that provided peasants greater decision-making in agricultural activities. Besides that nonagricultural activities like village enterprises in rural areas were also encouraged. Similarly, the government promoted more self-management for state-owned enterprises in order to increased competition in the marketplace, and create opportunities for Chinas domestic enterprise directly contact with the foreign ones. On 20th June 2010, Chinas central bank set the Yuan exchange rate at higher level after committing to increase the flexibility of exchange rate of its currency. Reference exchange rate of the day was set at 6.7980 Yuan on USD 1 its strongest level since September 2008, up 0.43% compared with the level of 6.8275 Yuan on 21st June 210. A stronger Yuan would make Chinese exports more expensive, help redress trade balances and bring some reliefs to foreign manufactures struggling to complete. The increase of Yuan exchange rate creates disadvantages for Soundtech Technology when they export their products to overseas markets because it raises the price in term of foreign currency. Especially, in recent years the cooperative relationship between China and Singapore have been improved within related global and regional organizations such as the ASEAN plus China, Japan and South Korea, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). At the same time, both China and Singapore have conducted beneficial cooperation and put efforts to offer training sessions to a third country and to help their companies or enterprises explore and exploit the world market. The 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic corporation between China and Singapore is marked in year 2010 as well as the event of Chinas participation in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (FTA). By taking advantages of all the opportunity from the partners, China is ready to work with Singapore to lift bilateral relations to a new level and bring more substantial benefits to the citizens of both countries. For this reason, China Government always makes the best condition to welcome Soundtech Technology to invest in China. 2.3 Social factors With a population officially over 1.3 billion and an estimated growth rate of 0.494%, China is very concerned about its population growth and has attempted with mixed results to implement a strict birth limitation policy. The governments goal is to stabilize the population in the first half of the 21st century, and 2009 projections from the U.S. Census Bureau are that the Chinese population will peak at around 1.4 billion by 2026. It can be said that China has huge population that supply to the market a profuse workforce which is an opportunity for Sountech Technology to expand its business in China. Another affecting factor that can be considered is the trend of employment with relation to the unemployment level. The current unemployment rate in China in January 2010 is 4.3% which demonstrates that this project would help the society and in turn the economy by creating positive job opportunities. Source: tradingeconomic.com Recently, China Government has increased the minimum wages. On 1st April Guangdong increased the provinces minimum wages by an average 13%. Moreover, the southern China province produces about 13% of Chinas economic output, the most among the countrys 32 provinces. Minimum wages in the capital city Guangzhou reached to 860 yuan increased $120 per month from 780 yuan, Wages of other cities in the province would also get a boost, with those in some inland cities up nearly 18%. China Government has increased the minimum wages that is a challenge for Sountech Technology because they have to paid more for labor costs that will decrease business profit. 2.4 Technological factors Chinese science strategists realize Chinas greatest opportunities in technology fields such as computers and biotechnology, where creates a chance for China to make innovation in these areas. It cannot be denied that a dense network of trans-Pacific contact have been built by most overseas Chinese students that will boost the cooperation between U.S. and China scientific in coming years. The U.S. space program is regarded as the standard of scientific modernity in China is held annually. Chinas small but growing space program is national pride of China when its third manned orbit was totally successful in September 2008. Technology Agreement is the model for bilateral cooperation between The U.S and China in science field. In April 2006 the Science and Technology Agreement was extended by a 5-year agreement was signed. The agreement which includes approximately 60 protocols, memoranda of understanding, agreements, and annexes, is considered as the longest-standing between U.S.-China accords. The agreement encompasses cooperation between U.S. and China in variety fields like marine conservation, renewable energy, and health. Besides the U.S China also has close relationship with Japan and the European Union in science and technology cooperation. Based on the data supplied by the State Development Planning Commission, during the Ninth Five-year Plan period from1996 to 2000, China has significant technological development. 50,000 projects have been set up under the Spark Plan. Started in 1986, these projects were actually a technological program in order to enhance the IT level in rural areas. Since 1996 a total of CNY192.9 billion has been invested in the Spark Plan in which CNY3.5 billion was from the Governments Funds, CNY41.9 billion were from loans of banks and CNY147.5 billion from private and other social sectors. Since 1996 the Chinese government has invested CNY3.19 billion in the industrial sector to develop technical innovation projects. In addition, since 1999 the government has been focusing on technological innovation of State-owned enterprises by spending CY19.5 billion worth of treasury bonds A number of districts for high-tech development have been established for researching and developing technological purpose. For example in 1996 the Silicon Valley was built with an CNY101.5 billion investment in the infrastructure construction. Up to now there have been approximately 17,000 high-tech enterprises operating in those districts, with the employees more than 2.2 million. 2.5 Environmental factors Undoubtedly, along with Chinas rapid industrial development are the serious negative impacts on environment these include increasing pollution and decreasing natural resources as well. In 2007, China became the worlds largest emitter of carbon dioxide and other gases leading to greenhouse. WTO conducted a report on the quality of air in 272 cities worldwide, pointed out seven out of the ten cities that are the most polluted in the world were in China. In addition based on Chinas own evaluation, two-thirds of the 402 cities which have been air polluted two-thirds of them moderately or severely so. According to environmental report, there is water polluted in almost all of the nations rivers to some degree and half of the population is lack of clean water for daily life. By some estimates, there are approximately 300 million people have to use contaminated water for drinking every day. Water scarcity also is considered as an issue; taking severe water scarcity in Northern China as an example that is actually a serious threat to sustained economic growth. Thus, the government has been working on a project for delivering a large-scale of water from the Yangtze River to northern cities, including Beijing and Tianjin. Some research estimate pollution costs hold the Chinese economy from 7% to 10% of GDP per year. Currently, like any Government, Chinas leaders are increasingly paying attention to environmental problems in the country. Realizing the important of environmental protection, The State Environmental Protection Administration was officially upgraded to a ministry-level agency, the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 1998. Recently, Chinas environmental legislation has been strengthened and some progress in stemming environmental deterioration has also been made. China took part the Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development in 2005, which unites industries and government to implement common strategies together that reduce pollution and global climate change. Campaign about pollution control was great invested that a factor contributing to a successful Olympic Beijing 2008, though some of the benefits were just temporary in nature. Thanks to these campaigns the quality of air in some cities has been improved recently. It can be said that China is participating actively in climate change talks as well as other multilateral environmental negotiations, especially discussions about how developed countries deal with serious environmental issues that help developing countries to a greater extent. China has signed the Basel Convention about transporting and treating hazardous waste; the Montreal Protocol about the Ozone Layer Protection and other major environmental agreements. As long as China is huge country thus water scarcity is regarded as a big issue that also is the projects disadvantage. Besides that, climate change is considered as one of the major systematic risks for Soundtech Technology because climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer. 2.6 Legal factors 2.6.1 Laws support foreign investors In order to encourage foreign companies to invest in China, China Government has gradually set up a relative complete law system. In 1979, The Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures was published. 20 years later, the Chinese government has promulgated and issued a series of laws and statutes about the establishment, operation, termination and liquidation of foreign-invested enterprises. The main laws and regulations include the three basic laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, The Law on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures, and The Law on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises; detailed rules for the implementation of the three basic laws; The Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China; The Income Tax Law of the Peoples Republic of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises; Interim Provisions for Guiding Foreign Investment; Industrial Catalogue for Foreign Investment; Interim Pro visions Concerning the Investment within China of Foreign-invested Enterprises, Provisions Regarding the Merger and Separation of Foreign-invested Enterprises, and Liquidation Measures for Enterprises with Foreign Investment. These provide legal bases from which to guarantee the independent operation rights of foreign-funded enterprises and to protect the legitimate rights and interest of both domestic and overseas investors. Currently, the Chinas government is considering its existing laws and statutes in accordance with the model of the WTO. It has abolished certain obsolete laws and regulations, and will gradually revise the laws and regulations that are incompatible with the rules of the WTO. 2.6.2 China Tax Regime Tax law is one of the most important issues that SoundTech Technology needs to understand as the tax regulations have a direct impact on STs business activities. China is known as one of the most attractive incentives packages in Asia. Tax incentives and other facilities for the manufacturing sector are provided for in the Promotion of Investment. The data below demonstrates the tax that a medium-size company must pay or be withheld in a given year, as well as measures of the administrative burden in paying taxes. These measures include the number of payments an entrepreneur must make; the number of hours spent preparing, filing, and paying; and the percentage of their profits they must pay in taxes. 2.6.3 Procedures to starting new business in Malaysia When foreign investors want to set up business in China, they have to wait for approval from the Government for a long time. The challenges of launching a business are shown below which include the number of steps entrepreneurs can expect to go through to launch, the time it takes on average, and the cost and minimum capital required as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) per capita.

Nursing, Teaching Plan

Inter American University of Puerto Rico Metropolitan Campus Department of science and technology School of nursing Carmen Torres of Tiburcio TEACHING-LEARNING PLAN FOR THE FAMILY AS CLIENT informational After nursing intervention the Intervention, the family pressure. (question and answer)pamphlets. Family were: Will be able to : II. Causes of elevated blood pressureLectureLaptop 1. Recall the definition of blood 1. Recall thePressure Definition of elevated III. Risk factors of elevated bloodDiscussion2. Identify causes of having Blood pressure pressureelevated blood pressure a. Family historyLecture3.Be familiar with signs and 2. Identify the causesb. Age (question and answer)symptoms of elevated blood Of having elevated c. High salt intakepressure Blood pressured. Obesity e. Excessive alcohol 4. Know ways how to manage 3. Be familiar with intake. The elevation of blood pressure Signs and symptoms Of elevated blood pressure IV. Management of elevated Blood pressure 4. Know ways how to manage a. diet The elevation of blood b. exercise Pressure. V. Importance of follow up Check up. I term goalAfter 6 hours ofnursinginterventions, theclient will have noelevation in bloodpressure abovenormal limits andwill maintain bloodpressure withinacceptable limits. Long term goal After 5 days ofnursinginterventions, theclient will maintainadequate cardiacoutput and cardiacindex. 1. Monitor BP every1-2 hours, or every5 minutes duringactive titration ofvasoactive drugs. 2. Monitor ECG fordysrrhythmias,conduction defectsand for heart rate. 3. Suggest frequentposition changes. 4. Encourage patientto decrease intake ofcaffeine, cola andchocolates. . Observe skincolour, temperature,capillary refill timeand diaphoresis. 6. Monitor forsudden onset ofchest pain. 7. Monitor ECG forchanges in rate,rhythm,dysrhythmias andconduction defects. 8. Observeextremities forswelling, erythema,tenderness and pain. Observe for1. To monitorbaseline data. 2. Caffeine is acardiac stimulantand may adv erselyaffect cardiacfunction. 3. These drugs haverapid action andmay decrease theblood pressure toorapidly, resulting incomplications. 4. May indicatecyanide toxicityfrom increasingintracranialpressure. 5.Input and Outputwill give anindication of fluidbalance orimbalance, thusallowing forchanges intreatment regimenwhen required. 6. May indicatedissecting aorticaneurysm. 7. Decreasedperfusion may resultin dysrhythmiascaused by decreasein oxygen. 8. Bed rest promotesvenous statis whichcan increase the riskof thromboembolus Short term goal After 8 hours ofnursinginterventions, bloodpressure maintainedwithin setparameters for theclient. Goal was met. Long term goal After 6 days ofnursinginterventions, theclient had anadequate tissueperfusion to hisbody systems. Goal was met.

Napoleon And The French Revolution - 1023 Words

Haley Gilmore Reese HI 102 B 20 April 2015 Napoleon and the French Revolution From 1789 to 1799, France saw its bloodiest and most violent time in its history. The people of France were fed up with the living conditions of their society and the requirements that their government continued to pile onto them. An unsatisfied society, more often than not, will lead a revolt of some kind, at some point. This period in history saw rise to power the infamous Napoleon Bonaparte, with his many trials and tribulations. Napoleon Bonaparte and his controlling and overpowering tactics both advanced the ideals of the French Revolution. Many events occurred in this time that forever altered the very fabric of French existence. In May of 1789,†¦show more content†¦They made a tennis court on the grounds their meeting place. On the grounds, they pledged what is today called, ironically, the Tennis Court oath, a promise to one another and the people of France that they would not leave until they had written a new constitution. T his new constitution was instituted in 1795 and caused nothing but problems. The government was overrun with corruption and deceit, something that Napoleon Bonaparte saw and wanted to change when he threw the people in charge out of power. The new society that he created was, â€Å"based on the belief in the common identity of French citizens whatever their social or geographic origin.†(McPhee, 64) This went along very well with the changing ideals of the time. The overthrow set into motion a series of changes in this time period that forever changed the dynamic of French society. France was a difficult place to live if you were member of the lower class in this century. It is a lot easier to focus on the political and ideological events that were occurring. The people of France at this time were being severely over taxed, and were well aware of the unfairness of this. On top of this excessive taxation, the French public was saddled with dealing with low wages and high food prices. All of these factors and more were recipe for discontent. Peasants around the country began rioting. Paris saw some of the worst of this, with the violence felt all around the city. The Parisian

Selective Service And The Enrollment Prerequisite For...

Name: Title: Institution: Abstract For over fifty years, Selective Service and the enrollment prerequisite for America s young men have served as a reinforcement framework to give labor to the United States military. Women were excluded from being participants in the military draft or selective service based on gender something that does sound well at this age and time. Being that social, political and economic aspects, women ought to be involved in serving their nation. This paper explains more about the draft, reasons and why women should be included in the selective service. Thesis statement While ladies officers and enrolled workforce present with unique excellence in the U.S. Military, ladies have never been liable to Selective Service enlistment or a military draft in America. It is just established to enlist men for a draft, the Supreme Court administered on the grounds that the explanation behind enrollment is to make a pool of potential battle troops ought to a national crisis request a fast increment in the extent of the military. Ladies were prohibited from serving in front-line occupations, so there was no motivation to enlist them for conceivable enrollment into the military draft. Women have the capacity to play a big role in the military combat and selection process should not be based on gender but concrete values and personal abilities. Introduction The draft is the genuine methodology of calling men between ages ranging from 18 to 26 to be enrolled inShow MoreRelatedPest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 Pagespresented in this research paper rests solely with the authors. Their opinions and interpretations do not necessarily reï ¬â€šect the views of the Development Research Forum in Cambodia. Layout and Cover Design: Oum Chantha Printed and Bound in Cambodia by T S Printing, Phnom Penh Contents Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................................7 List of Acronyms .................................................Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesDirector: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Bruce Kenselaar Photo Researcher: Karen Sanatar Manager, Rights and Permissions: Hessa Albader Cover Art: Fotolia Media Editor: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Leghigh-Phoenex Color Text Font: 10/12, Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on

Paradise Losts Satan and The Grand Inquisitors Evil

Evil’s origin begins with Adam and Eve using their special gift, free will, to commit the first sin. They sinned because they were tempted from the free will to choose between following or disobeying God’s orders. Paradise Lost is an epic written by John Milton that describes the fallen angel Satan and the fall of man. The Grand Inquisitor by Fyodor Dostoevsky is about an archbishop who talks with Jesus and wants to burn him as a heretic. Paradise Lost and The Grand Inquisitor both discuss free will and the stories of two benevolent characters that use their free will to choose evil. In Paradise Lost and The Grand Inquisitor, the main characters Satan and the Grand Inquisitor are evil because they use free will to choose evil over good.†¦show more content†¦His perseverance to serve God’s word makes him very similar to Satan. Both Satan and the Grand Inquisitor brandished how they were virtuous supporters. Once benevolent beings, Satan and the Grand I nquisitor soon turns toward evil. Satan and the Grand Inquisitor’s plight from good to evil begin with their desire for power. In the case with Satan, he desires to overthrow God’s kingdom and make it his own. Satan is prideful and ambitious and decides to attempt overthrowing God. â€Å"If he opposed; and with ambitious aim against the throne and monarchy of God, raised impious war in Heaven and battle proud.† (Milton, 41-43, Book I). By defying God, Satan conveys a message that says he wants God’s throne. His desire for power turns him into an evil being fighting against the obedient servants of God. The Grand Inquisitor’s ambition is similar aside the fact that he wants to take power away from Jesus. He wants power taken away from Jesus because he believes that Jesus doesn’t know deserve the power to control people by his teachings. â€Å"Oh we shall persuade them that they will only become free when they renounce their freedom to us and submit to us.† (Dostoevsky, 239) The Grand Inquisitor believes that Jesus was wrong in deserting his followers so the Grand Inquisitor turns to evil. The Grand Inquisitor’s step towards evil truly begins when he places himself in Jesus’ role in preaching and follows Satan instead. His desire for power shows the

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Free Essays

Davis Weiss The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a federal statute that was signed into law in America by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. It is divided into 10 titles. The bill contains provisions that will go into effect on June 21, 2010 and September 23, 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, the additional provisions will go into effect in 2014. Title I of H. R. 3590 will ensure quality affordable health care for all Americans by eliminating discriminatory practices by health insurers such as pre-existing condition exclusions. Title I also extends dependant coverage up to age 26, caps insurance companies non-medical expenses, and prevents unfair termination of insurance policies. Title II expands eligibility for Medicaid to lower income persons and assumes federal responsibility for much of the cost of this expansion. These bills provide enhanced federal support for the Children’s Health Insurance Program, simplify Medicaid and CHIP enrollment, and improve Medicaid services. Title III will strengthen the quality of healthcare by establishing The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) which is a value-based purchasing program for hospitals that link Medicare payments to quality performance. Title IV puts into place a new interagency council to promote healthy policies and to establish a national prevention and health promotion strategy. Title V will encourage innovations in health care workforce training, recruitment, and retention, and will establish a new workforce commission. Title VI creates new requirements to provide information to the public on the health system and promotes a newly invigorated set of requirements to combat fraud and abuse in pubic and private programs. Title VII allows certain hospitals and treatment centers to receive discounted and/or generic drugs to aid their budget. Title VIII establishes a new, voluntary, self-funded long-term care insurance program, the Community Living Assistance Services and Support (CLASS) Independence Benefit Plan, for the purchase of community living assistance services and supports by individuals with functional limitations. No taxpayer funds will be used to pay benefits under this provision. Title IX levies an excise tax of 40 percent on insurance companies and plan administrators for any health coverage plan that is above the threshold of $10,200 for individual coverage and $27,500 for family coverage. It also requires employers to disclose the value of the benefit provided by the employer for each employee’s health insurance coverage on the employee’s annual Form W-2. And lastly, Title X requires employers that offer and make a contribution towards employee coverage to provide free choice vouchers to qualified employees for the purchase of qualified health plans through Exchanges. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reforms the health care system by expanding the availability of health insurance, regulating health insurance coverage, and restructuring health care delivery, including how it is paid for. The bill would reduce the number of uninsured Americans by 31 million, leaving only 6 percent of nonelderly adults uninsured. A number of different mechanisms are used to increase coverage, including expanding Medicaid, which provides insurance to low-income parents and children at very small cost; establishing state-based insurance exchanges with subsidies for low- and middle-income households; requiring individuals to obtain coverage; and mandating that most employers offer health insurance. The new act would make Medicaid available to all individuals earning less than 133 percent of the federal poverty line, or $14,500 a year ($29,500 for a family of four) while improving services for beneficiaries. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also create state-based health insurance exchanges, called Health Benefit Exchanges, which are marketplaces where consumers can shop for and purchase health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include numerous reforms of the health insurance market, in many cases regulating this market for the first time. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that about 8 million such persons would remain uninsured. Additionally, the bill restricts access to abortion services in the Health Benefits Exchanges and, in particular, for people receiving federal subsidies. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act saves money by reducing the cost of premiums that families and individuals pay to maintain their health insurance policies. It also saves money by getting rid of waste in the medical industry by establishing a center where physicians can report waste and by supporting comparison shopping for medical equipment. In addition, the act helps small businesses to save money by giving them the opportunity o offer health benefits to their employees without devastating the budget of their company. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act raise revenue by imposing an annual fee on the health insurance sector. Such fees would be imposed on insurance companies that sell high cost health insurance plans. The fee is designed to generate smarter, more cost-effective health coverage choices. The r econciliation bill delays this new fee until 2018 so that plans have time to implement reform and begin to save from its efficiencies. The amount of the fee is $8. 0 billion in 2014, $11. 3 billion in years 2015-2016, $13. 9 billion in 2017, and $14. 3 billion in 2018. According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the legislation will reduce the deficit by $138 billion over the first decade and by $1. 2 trillion in the second decade, as compared to current legislation. The CBO has recalculated its estimates several times, first projecting a savings of $132 billion, then $118 billion, and $143 billion. It also increases the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) tax rate by 0. percentage points on an individual taxpayer earning over $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly). The revenues from this tax will be credited to the HI trust fund. The taxable base of the HI tax is also broadened by including net investment income. The act would also impose a ten percent tax on amounts paid for indoor tanning services. The tax is effective for services on or after July 1, 2010. Reduces the deficit in the next ten years and beyond. The bill is fully paid for with revenue provisions that focus on paying for reform within the health care system. How to cite The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Papers The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Free Essays 1. Determine how this Federal law will affect market-driven and non-market driven decisions. This federal will affect the marketing aspect of the health care industry regardless if they are driven or not. We will write a custom essay sample on The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the companies are driven and market correctly then they will be able to attract people that are willing to pay for the services they provide. This will cause for private health insurance providers to change the way they provide services. The new marketing strategies will show how they are providing better care for those who have pre-existing conditions. This law will affect how the private health insurance sector markets the different types of services they provide. The companies will have to go back and look at how they are marketing their services to get the clients they want to attract. If they are market driven then they will market things that are more appealing to the clientele they currently serve or want to be serving, this could involve free health screening, more bang for their bucks, and the opportunity to understand all that the company offers to its insured. Some will be more ambitious to provide new marketing ideas to keep current clients and attract new ones while others might hate change and move slower towards new ideas. This will cause them to either loose current clients and not attract new ones. 2. Describe the circumstances at which you would prepare a strategic plan to include this new law in your marketing decisions, knowing this new law may or may not take effect. I would focus more on the issue of providing current policy holders that currently have pre-existing conditions with better options to health care. I would try to incorporate lower premiums or not charge them as much as competing insurance companies do. I would advertise free screening to all my customers and guarantee coverage. I would sit down with each of my potential policy holders and explain to them the ins and outs of what we offer and what would benefit them. I would want them to feel cared about and not just another policy number. They would feel comfortable coming to us with questions or concerns they may have about their policy. I would provide an around the clock support line just in case they came across a situation where they needed guidance. Also something that would be extremely important would be to have a website where all the needed forms can be accessed and they would also have access to their account information online. My marketing strategy would emphasize on family and hospitality, since that’s what’s most important to people. 3. Discuss how each of the five (5) environmental forces will be affected by the new law, which you believe will be the most affected and why. -Jockeying for position among current competitors. This is the aggressive competition between current firms or companies, the fact that these insurance companies will spend so much on having the best marketing strategy will cause the return compensation to be low. This is because they spend so much money on marketing and competing with its opponents. -Threat of new entrants. Since the new law applies to everyone that means everyone will most likely have to start from scratch or updater their antics. If it’s easy for new comers to come along and get their program up and running, the competitions between the difference companies will only become fiercer. Some barriers of entries for the new comers are if existing customers can trust their current companies, or if there are elevated fixed rates or not enough access to resources. -Bargaining power of customers. If the consumers can produce enough force to affect how many boundaries and capacity they can create, then they hold an incredible amount of power. Reasons why the consumers can have so much power is if they buy large amounts of the products being sold, if the company doesn’t have very many clients, or if they have the opportunity to change companies due to products eing so easy to come about. -Threat of substitute products or services. Depending on whether or not the cost of changing up providers is low and more efficient will determine if substituting is necessary. If the insurance companies are marketing the same products and services that one is already using depending on which more is appealing to the purchaser will determine who gets the service. -Bargaining power o f suppliers. If these insurance companies can produce enough force to affect how many boundaries and capacity the companies can create, then they hold an incredible amount of power. Reasons why the companies can have so much power is if there are limited or no alternates, not many companies with products of interest, or they have something of extreme interest to the buyers and they can’t go without it. I think the rivalry between the current firms will be affected the most, because they will be so wrapped up in their marketing strategy and trying to be the best that they won’t really notice how much money they are spending on the project. Once it starts to show that they are actually losing more money than they are making then it will be too late and another company would have come in and stolen the pie. 4. Describe one (1) new target audience and include the characteristics of their demographic and psychographic profiles. The new target audiences the insurance companies are focused on are lower middle income families instead of higher income families. They base this on income brackets, which neighborhoods theses potential clients live in blue collar workers versus white collar workers. Some companies only serve them through current employment under business aspects. Another target audience is expecting women; the insurance companies are looking to insure the baby as soon as it’s born. This way they can collect premiums on the infants from the start of their lives, while insurance policies for them are extremely high. They also allow young people to be insured who are likely to die soon due to illnesses in their families and based on current health conditions. This way they can assemble the premiums and not have to pay out so much money in the process. How to cite The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Papers The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Free Essays string(97) " the Federal Government to develop and implement the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act\." Introduction Barack Hussein Obama II, the 44th President of the United States of America, is a President full of firsts. President Obama is the first President born in the little state of Hawaii, he is the first African American President, he is the first President to openly support gay marriage, and most relevantly, he is the first President in United States history to sign a health care reform into law. The latter â€Å"first† is a major historical event that reformed the current, as of 2009, national health care system which came with the name: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. We will write a custom essay sample on The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a Presidential â€Å"first† that has begun, and will continue, to change the course of our nation for generations to come. It is critical, and beneficial to the entire United States’ population, to fully comprehend such an important piece of historical legislation; especially since this fairly new law affects every citizen and legal resident living in the United States regarding their personal health future. However, understanding the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in its entirety is very trying; as the law is nearly 1,000 pages long, extensive amounts of time, thought and money have been put into developing this reform, and research of the long-term effects this law will generate will not be available until the unforeseeable future, understanding the law is difficult. In beginning to explain the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the following text will first answer the question of why such legislation was developed and implemented. Next, the text will briefly summarize the most important facts of this infantile law. This will include a description explaining the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in regards to the history and development of the reform, and the public reaction emphasizing contrasting political parties. After that, the Pros and Cons of implementing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will be weighed in a bipartisan fashion based on historical research, future speculation and opinion from experts on the subject matter. Finally, the text will conclude with the author’s personal opinion on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Reasons Behind Developing The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Before explaining what the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act entails, the question of â€Å"why such a reform is necessary for the United States at all† needs to be answered. Historically, the public realization of a need for some type of national health insurance began nearly a century before the current law had been developed (Davidson 185). Many Presidential Administrations throughout the 20th Century had suggested ideas of health reform; however, none of these reforms prevailed. This indicates that adjustments to health care on a national level were inevitable. Why make those adjustments now? There are many reasons as to why this health reform initiative was heavily, and successfully, pushed into law. The Institute of Medicine issued a report in 2002 suggesting six strategies on how to improve the current public health system (Majette 367). Among these suggestions, the Institute of Medicine called on the federal government to develop a system of accountability assuring the quality and availability of public health service and strengthen the governmental public health infrastructure. Eight years later, the Institute of Medicine has suggested focusing on preventing disease and promoting health to improve the current health system. Since then, congress has been pushing health reform harder than ever to stay consistent in improving public health. In addition to improving public health, the federal government became aware of the health/financial crisis of average United States citizens. According to a poll done in April 2009 by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 59 percent of the families taking the poll indicated that they put off preventative or necessary medical care; this is because of costs of private medical insurance and the actual medical care. Instead, these families try home remedies, postpone seeking health care until it is vital, skip filling or taking prescription drugs, or simply skip medical or dental checkups (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Public Opinion). This is a problem that decreases an individual’s quality of life and threatens public health when there are sick people spreading diseases instead of getting well. Un-coincidentally, it is not just families struggling with health care spending; the cost of private insurance makes it very hard for businesses to provide insurance to their employees (Health Reform in the 21st Century: Expanding Coverage, Improving Quality and Controlling Costs 2). The Committee on Ways and Means reported in a March 2009 hearing that the current Healthcare spending is expected to consume 17. percent Gross Domestic Product in 2009 and is projected to rise to 20. 3 percent by 2018. Even though the U. S. spends a significant amount of money on Healthcare, the U. S. is not even close to being the global leader in health insurance coverage or medical quality. With inadequate or no coverage, citizens and legal residents of the United States have a lower life exp ectancy than all other equivalently developed nations. The same Committee reported in a June 2009 hearing, half of all bankruptcies in the U. S. re caused by medical debt (Health Reform in the 21st Century: Proposals to Reform the Health System 2). According to President Barack Obama, reforming Healthcare has become a moral and fiscal imperative (Health Care Reform in the 21st Century: A Conversation with Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius 2). Congressional committees stressed to the House of Representatives the need for comprehensive health reform that builds on the United States’ current policies that work while fixing the policies that do not work (Health Reform in the 21st Century: Proposals to Reform the Health System). So, a century-long effort to reform the national health system, a push by the Institute of Medicine for improving public health, and a health/financial crisis of the United States population who are unable to obtain quality, affordable healthcare has ultimately led the Federal Government to develop and implement the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. You read "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" in category "Papers" Description/Development of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act/Public Reaction As previously stated, many Presidential Administrations have suggested national health reform policies throughout the past century. The first big health reform movement started with the Progress Party, Theodore Roosevelt was the presidential candidate, in 1912 (Davidson 185). In the beginning, the American Medical Association was on board with supporting a move towards national health insurance. However, as the years went by and the members of the AMA became more interested in finances and the economy in contradiction to health and science, the AMA opposed national health insurance. They were actually opposed to any type of insurance because they were convinced people would only value medical care if they had to pay for it personally. They were also convinced Doctors needed to charge patients for the individual services they provided instead of earning a salary. This is similar to how modern day medical care works; hospitals and private practices charge the patient and insurance company by the individual services provided instead of a flat rate. The problems with medical care costs occur because of the combination of significantly high insurance premiums, that many average citizens are unable to afford, and the extremely high costs of services charged by health care providers, which most of the U. S. population cannot afford either. Tack on the insurance issues of high out-of-pocket costs in addition to high premiums and removal by pre-existing conditions, age and life-time limits and you have a population full of people who are simply unable to afford preventative health care or treatment. The federal government realized the issue and started taking steps towards a health system reform. This is where the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act steps in. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was developed during President Barack Obama’s Administration in 2009 by three Congressional Committees; the Committee of Ways and Means, the Committee or Energy and Commerce, and the Committee of Education and Labor. The first health reform hearing was held in the 111th Congress on March 11, 2009. On July 14, 2009, the first comprehensive health care reform bill, originally titled America’s Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009, was introduced to Congress. By March 23, 2010, the bill had been revised and finally signed into law by President Obama. This marks the first health reform in United States history to be signed into law. (Majette) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is basically an extensive health reform law applying to all citizens and legal residents of the U. S. nvolving regulation of private and public health insurance and health care with specific guidelines including, but not limited to, the following: individual mandates, employer requirements, expansion of public programs, premium and cost-sharing subsidies to individuals, tax changes, health insurance exchanges, benefit design, private insurance changes, the state role, cost containment, improving quality/health system performance, prevention/wellness, long-term care, financing, and other in vestments. The provisions made in this law have been and will continue to be implemented in stages until 2018 (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Basics). Some of the most important examples of reform include, but are not limited to, the following: * Requirement of employers with 200 or more employees to automatically enroll employees into health insurance plans offered by the employer, or pay a tax, by 2014. * Requirement of all citizens and legal residents of the United States to have qualifying health insurance, or pay a tax, by 2014. * Allowing young adults to stay on their parent’s health insurance until they reach the age of 26, implemented in 2010. Prohibiting private insurance companies from imposing life-time limits and rescinding insurance coverage, implemented in 2010. * Restricting premiums to vary based on age, geographical area, tobacco use, and number of family members only, by 2014. * Requirement of insurance plans to cover certain preventative services with no cost-sharing, implemented in 2010. * Distribution of premium and cost-sharing subsidies to families depending on income levels, by 2014. * 100 percent of funding provided by the federal government for the costs of those who become newly eligible for Medicaid between the years 2014-2016. Expansion of Medicaid to families that fall within 138 percent of the federal poverty level, implemented in 2010 and will be increased to 133 percent in 2014. (Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Committee on Education and Labor) Obviously, with such an extensive piece of legislation that provokes changes in almost every aspect of the nation’s current health system, there are going to be very contrasting reactions between partisan voters. According to a March 2009 poll provided by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 77 percent of Liberal poll takers saw a need for reform. This percentage is not too far ahead of the 57 percent of Conservative poll takers that saw a need for reform. With such close percentages coming from a nation where the population has immense partisan views, this data indicates the true health system crisis the majority of Americans faced in 2009. By March 2010, when President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, 75 percent of Liberal poll takers were in support of the new law and only 13 percent of Conservative poll takers were in support. The percentages in support of the new law declined to 66 percent of Liberals in support and 12 percent of Conservatives in support by March 2012. Only 47 percent of all poll takers want the Patient Protection Affordable Care Act to be maintained as is or expanded. Sadly, only 14 percent of all poll takers say they have personally benefited from the new implementations from 2010 including greater access to insurance, health care for low-income children, young adults staying on parents insurance longer, and preventative check-ups being covered 100 percent. In contradiction, 21 percent of all poll takers say they have been negatively affected in ways including decreased insurance options for increased premiums, health services have been cut, and the fact that they might have to pay higher taxes in the future. (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Polls) Despite opposition of support from either political party side, the nation as a whole has replaced â€Å"the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act† with the newly coined term, â€Å"Obamacare†; a name that will always be remembered both positively and negatively. Pros and Cons of Implementing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act With the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act having been a law for only two years, the population of the United States has not had time to experience all of the effects implementing this law might cause. Nevertheless, professional experts with experience and education in subjects relating to this law are reliable sources for predicting future outcomes. These predictions and opinions are useful when trying to weigh the pros and cons of implementing the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act. Pros * The honorable Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services indicates in a May 2009 hearing how The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will extend health coverage to 32 million Americans who previously were unable to obtain insurance for reasons including: pre-existing conditions, insurance costs, and unavailability through employers. Health Care Reform in the 21st Century: A Conversation with Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius 8) * In a February 2011 hearing, Families USA, a national nonprofit, nonpartisan organization for healthcare consumers, issues a statement stressing how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act improves Medicare benefits by improving access to preventative service. This is done because there is no cost share where Medicare beneficiaries used to be liable to deductibles and co-pays. Health Care Law’s Impact on the Medicare Program and its Beneficiaries 116-117) * During a January 2011 hearing, Chairman Austan Goolsbee for the Council of Economic Advisors explains how small businesses receiving tax credits to provide health insurance to their employees will help lever the playing field with large businesses. The small businesses will be able to provide the same premiums as large businesses. In addition, the tax credits will save the businesses money purchasing insurance, so they will be able to expand and create more jobs. The Health Care Law’s Impact on Job, Employers, and the Economy 8-12) * A social issue that will be improved affects nursing mothers. In a statement at the January 2001 hearing, the National Partnership for Women Families and the United States Breastfeeding Committee stress the importance of policies included in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that support the needs of nurs ing mothers in the workplace. Women have protected rights in the workplace making it easier to start and/or continue nursing their child for longer periods of time after returning to work (than they previously could before this law). This nurtures physical and mental health of the growing child. (The Health Care Law’s Impact on Job, Employers, and the Economy 177-179) Cons * In the May 2009 hearing with Secretary Sebelius, Clark Newhall, M. D. , J. D. notifies congress about the possible saturation of formerly uninsured people who have insurance now competing with the rest of the population for scarce medical resources; for example, time with the doctor, cancer treatments, etc. Health Care Reform in the 21st Century: A Conversation with Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius 68) * A large group of economists express their concern at the January 2011 hearing about how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act might cause a barrier in job growth. They say the expensive mandates and penalties with cause employers to reduce employee numbers to avoid high penalty costs and high insurance premiums for all of their employees. The Health Care Law’s Impact on Job, Employers, and the Econo my 127-138) * In the same January 2011 hearing, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, President of American Action Forum, suggest the United States is â€Å"approaching a fiscal train wreck† (The Health Care Law’s Impact on Job, Employers, and the Economy 54-59). He predicts the deficit will be 5. 6 percent of GDP by 2020, or about $1. 3 trillion. All due to the increased spending and timing of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. * Chief Actuary Richard S. Foster, F. S. A. at the Center for Medicare ; Medicaid Services implies, at the February 2011 hearing, that there would be a decline in the Standard of Living for a portion of American families. This would be because of increased taxes for families over the $250,000 income level to support the expansion of public health insurance. (Health Care Law’s Impact on the Medicare Program and its Beneficiaries 73) Conclusion As proven above, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a very extensive piece of legislature; one that is very difficult to understand in its entirety and takes a tremendous amount of time and analysis. In trying to grasp the concept of this law, it is important to know why the law was developed, the history behind developing this law, the most important policy provisions included in the law, and what the possible outcomes might come about by implementing this law. These steps are crucial before forming a personal opinion on whether to support the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or not. As the author of this report, I have done enough research to feel comfortable forming an intelligent opinion on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. I support many of the provisions in the legislature including expansion of public health insurance, policies protecting the rights of nursing mothers in the workplace, the focus on preventative care, the requirement of employers providing insurance to employees, the age extension for young adults to stay on their parents insurance, and many more. I do worry about over spending the federal budget, but the welfare of my fellow citizens is more important to me. We need affordable, quality care available to everyone if we are to achieve an improved public health and standard of living. Something that is just as important to me, regardless of the outcomes the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act might bring to our nation, President Barack Obama has engraved this law’s name into American history. Support the law or not, it is a very impressive accomplishment. Bibliography Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Committee on Education and Labor. â€Å"Compilation of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: as Amended Through November 1, 2010. † Washington D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1 November 2010. Printed Legislation. 27 November 2012. Davidson, Stephen M. Still Broken: Understanding the U. S. Health Care System. Standford: Standford University Press, 2010. 27 November 2012. Donald A. Barr, M. D. , Ph. D. Introduction to U. S. Health Policy: The Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Care in America. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2011. 27 November 2012. Health Care Law’s Impact on the Medicare Program and its Beneficiaries. No. Serial No. 112-05. Committee on Ways and Means U. S. House of Representatives 112th Congress. U. S. Government Printing Office Washington D. C. : 10 February 2011. Printed Hearing Record. 27 November 2012. Health Care Reform in the 21st Century: A Conversation with Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. No. Serial No. 111-18. Committee on Ways and Means U. S. House of Representatives 111th Congress. U. S. Government Printing Office Washington D. C. : 6 May 2009. Printed Hearing Record. 27 November 2012. Health Reform in the 21st Century: Expanding Coverage, Improving Quality and Controlling Costs. No. Serial No. 111-5. Committee on Ways and Means U. S. House of Representatives 111th Congress. U. S. Government Printing Office Washington D. C. : 11 March 2009. Printed Hearing Record. 27 November 2012. Health Reform in the 21st Century: Proposals to Reform the Health System. No. Serial No. 111-26. Committee on Ways and Means U. S. House of Representatives 111th Congress. U. S. Government Printing Office Washington D. C. : 24 June 2009. Printed Hearing Record. 27 November 2012. Health Reform in the 21st Century: Reforming the Health Care Delivery System. No. Serial No. 111-13. Committee on Ways and Means U. S. House of Representatives 111th Congress. U. S. Government Printing Office Washington D. C. : 1 April 2009. Printed Hearing Record. 27 November 2012. Majette, Gwendolyn Roberts. â€Å"PPACA and Public Health: Creating a Framework to Focus on Prevention and Wellness and Improve the Public’s Health. † Journal of Law, Medicine ; Ethics 39. 3 (2011): 366-379. 27 November 2012. Private Health Insurance: Data on Application and Coverage Denials. Data Report to the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Labor. United States Government. Washington D. C. , 2011. Printed Report. 27 November 2012. The Health Care Law’s Impact on Job, Employers, and the Economy. No. Serial No. 112-03. Committee on Ways and Means U. S. House of Representatives 112th Congress. U. S. Government Printing Office Washington D. C. : 26 January 2011. Printed Hearing Record. 27 November 2012. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Multiple Pages. 2012. Information Source. 27 November 2012. http://healthreform. kff. org/. How to cite The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Papers

Westfield Excursion CBBE Framework

Question: Discuss about theWestfield Excursionfor CBBE Framework. Answer: When I visited the Westfield Shopping Center in Sydney, I saw that the shopping center follows the Keller CBBE framework to enhance their customer base. Figure 1: Keller CBBE framework (Source: Keller, 2001) They have created their identity by mainly stressing on the physical store. They displayed the names of the brands properly. They do not differentiate the customers and provide products that are can be used by the sixteen year old and sixty year old. The response of the customers will change on a positive manner as Westfield will be able provide all the brands at one place. As the level of customer satisfaction will rise, the resonance will increase eventually. The customers will get the facility of online shopping in the retail stores in Westfield Shopping Center. I feel that providing some of the famous brands under one roof to the customers will be effective to draw the customers. The display of the names of the brands will make the customers aware of the brands. According to me, once the customers will be touch the products of the particular brands before buying will make them attracted to Westfield Shopping Center. Hence, I inferred that the main way to evaluate the effectiveness of the promotional activities is by the profit that Westfield Shopping Center will be able to incur from the business. When I went to the shopping center, I saw that a number of brands that are present in the shopping center could assess the brand identity of Westfield Shopping Center. The huge number of brands present in there recognizes the Westfield Shopping Center. The customers will get attracted to Westfield Shopping Center because they would not have to go anywhere else for shopping. During the excursion, I analyzed that the brand identity of Westfield Shopping Center fit with the retailers brand identity. Once a retailer will be able to provide the customers with everything, as asked by the customer, it will help the retailers to become famous in the market The facilities that are being provided by the retailer will help them to create brand identity Even if Westfield Shopping Center is performing well in the market, yet I would like to recommend that the company could make use of any of mascot or logo that will help them to reach the customers and make an impact on the minds of the customers. References Keller, K. L. (2001).Building customer-based brand equity: A blueprint for creating strong brands(pp. 68-72). Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.